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Core Documents of
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Period Before Written History

  • Hohokam Petroglyph at Dog Bite Site
    This U.S. Bureau of Reclamation site shows a Hohokam petroglyph near Lake Pleasant, Arizona as an example of a cultural resource which needs to be preserved.
  • Petroglyphs at Crack-in-the-Rock ruin
    From the Image Database of Northern Arizona University's Cline Library, this is a photo (NAU.PH.96.4.26.9 by Bill Belknap) of petroglyphs at Wupatki National Monument on the Land Use History of North America:   Colorado Plateau site.
  • Yuma Field Office Archaeological Resources
    This U.S. Bureau of Land Management site highlights petroglyphs and intaglios found in the Yuma, AZ area.

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Spanish Period, 1528-1821

  • Map of Explorations of North America
    This is a U.S. Geological Survey map from the collections of the Library of Congress showing the expedition routes of explorers of North America between 1541 and 1844.
  • Maps of the PimerĂ­a
    This is Jack D. Mount's exhibit on the University of Arizona Library's site of rare and historic maps illustrating early cartography of the Southwest.
  • Mission 2000
    This is a National Park Service database of Spanish records of the PimerĂ­a Alta missions.

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Mexican Period, 1821-1848

  • Kearny Code
    The Avalon Project at Yale Law School provides a transcription of the Laws for the Government of the Territory of New Mexico dated September 22, 1846 also known as the Kearny Code.  An explanation of the international law at the time relating to conquest of land through war and treaties that follows are in two U.S. Supreme Court cases: Leitensdorfer v. Webb, 61 U.S. 176 (1957) and Fleming v. Page, 50 U.S. 603 (1850).
  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
    This Library of Congress site has links to pages from the Treaty signed February 2, 1848 which concluded the U.S. Mexican War.

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American Period, 1848-

  • Arizona
    This is a map of Arizona from 1895 from Ray Sterner's Color Landform Atlas of the United States site.
  • Arizona - Where We Came From...
    This University of Arizona Library site has Rep. Morris K. Udall's report discussing the 5 C's of the Arizona economy and how the economy is changing.
  • Bird's eye view of Phoenix
    This is a map of Phoenix, AZ circa 1885 sketched by C. J. Dyer from the collections of the Library of Congress.
  • Gadsden Purchase Treaty
    The Avalon Project at Yale Law School provides a transcription of the Gadsden Purchase Treaty as amended by the Senate of the United States and signed by President Franklin Pierce on June 30, 1854.   The version of the treaty which was signed in Mexico on December 30, 1853 specified that the United States would pay $15 million for 45,000 square miles of territory.   However, when the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on April 25, 1854, only $10 million was authorized for the purchase of 29,670 square miles of territory.   The renegotiated treaty was signed by Antonio López de Santa Anna on June 8, 1854.   See also:   Gadsden Purchase, 1853-1854 (U.S. Department of State)
  • Hartley's Map of Arizona
    This 1865 map of the Territory of Arizona by William B. Hartley from the collections of the Library of Congress shows the triangular area in the northwestern part of the Territory which the U.S. Congress transferred from Mohave and Pah-Ute counties in the Territory of Arizona to the State of Nevada in 1866.
  • History of Arizona
    The Second Legislature of the State of Arizona directed Thomas Edwin Farish to write a history of Arizona.   The eight volume set was published between 1915 to 1918.   The University of Arizona Library's Southwest Electronic Text Center makes the set available online.
  • Navajo Code Talkers' Dictionary
    During World War II, Navajo Marines developed a code based on the Navajo language which was used in the war in the Pacific and which was never broken.  This Naval Historical Center site provides a code dictionary.
  • Powell Expedition Maps
    The John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum has a map showing Powell's route and a map used by Powell for his 1869 exploration of the Grand Canyon.
  • Wheeler's 1871 survey of parts of Arizona...
    The Making of America digital library provides access to this Preliminary report concerning explorations and surveys, principally in Nevada and Arizona.  Prosecuted in accordance with paragraph 2, special orders no. 109, War dept., March 18, 1871, and letter of instructions of March 23, 1871, from Brigadier General A. A. Humphreys, chief of engineers.  Conducted under the immediate direction of 1st Lieut. George M. Wheeler ... 1871.

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Updated:  08/14/2007

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