Preserving and Handling
Photographic Images

Photography recently celebrated its 150th birthday. Many of the early photographs have survived, proof that black and white photos can, theoretically, last for hundreds of years. Although the typical color films and prints of today keep better than those of even a few years ago, they are not as permanent as black and white. In either case, though, proper handling and storage will do much to increase the life expectancy of a photo collection.

Photographs are made to be seen, and that is one of the main reasons why many do not survive. Viewing a picture requires light and frequently involves handling, both of which can result in damage. All light damages photographic materials to some degree, so it is best to store them in complete darkness. Few people want to look at negatives, so keeping them in the dark isn't much of a problem. Prints, however, are made to be seen and those that are on constant display will be damaged. Black and white prints can normally withstand more light than those in color, but subdued light, such as that found in many hallways, can do much to retard the rate of deterioration of both types. If a photo must be hung in a brightly lit room, copies are easily obtained through photo dealers. That way, the duplicate is viewable, and the original can be safely stored in the dark.

Handling photographs with bare hands can cause irreparable damage, because the natural oils on fingers can leave permanent fingerprints on the surface. Inexpensive gloves are available at camera stores and should be used whenever handling prints or negatives. Even when wearing gloves, it is a good idea to handle prints and negatives only along the edges, and then very gently, because both films and prints may crack if bent.

There are several acceptable methods of storing photographic materials. If a collection will not be used frequently, then special paper or synthetic fabric envelopes may be used. The paper used for storing photographic materials is quite different than the paper normally recommended for the storage of paper documents. Synthetic fabrics such as Tyvek are also suitable, because they are chemically inert and very smooth. The main problem with using either paper or synthetic fabrics is that the pictures are not visible unless removed from their envelopes, and routine handling can cause damage.

If frequent and easy viewing is a prime consideration, then clear plastic enclosures are one possible option. Several types of plastics are suitable for use with photographic collections, but one common plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), must be avoided. This particular plastic is very unstable chemically, and it will damage photographic materials rapidly and permanently. One clue to identifying PVC is its distinct odor-— if it smells like the inside of a brand new car, it's probably PVC. Reputable vendors provide safe plastic sleeves, and a variety of boxes made specifically for storing items of various sizes. There is one major problem that may arise with plastic sleeves— if the relative humidity gets too high for too long, the plastic may stick to the print or negative.

Another option for a browsing collection is a three-ring notebook or album, but almost all of those available at local department stores are made with unstable materials and adhesives, so they should be avoided. Several national vendors do carry safe products, and photographs may be mounted on special paper pages or housed in plastic pages in these binders. If paper pages are chosen, old fashioned photo corners made of either safe paper or plastic are the safest method of attachment. Some authorities recommend using only three corners per print, because it is easier to remove and replace the photo if that becomes necessary.

Michael McColgin
Preservation Officer
Arizona State Archives
Phone: (602) 926-3720
Email: mimccol@lib.az.us